《植物生理学报》 2017, 53(12): 2137-2146

魔帝兜兰试管苗移栽过程中叶片气孔变化及光合特性

陈影^1,2, 郑枫¹, 吴坤林¹, 曹武², 曾宋君^1,3,*

¹中国科学院华南植物园华南农业植物分子分析和遗传改良重点实验室, 广州510650; ²仲恺农业工程学院, 广州510225; ³中国科学院华南植物园广东省应用植物学重点实验室, 广州510650

通信作者：曾宋君；E-mail: zengsongjun@scib.ac.cn

摘　要：

兰花的试管苗在移栽前一般需要炼苗以提高其移栽成活率。本文以魔帝兜兰(Paphiopedilum Maudiae)的试管苗、温室中炼苗10 d后的试管苗及移栽不同时间(15、30、45 d)的幼苗为材料, 研究炼苗对其移栽成活率的影响以及炼苗和移栽过程中叶片气孔及光合特性的变化。结果表明, 炼苗对叶片的气孔数量、密度和开放率有较大影响, 但对移栽成活率无显著影响。试管苗在移栽30 d时叶片气孔数量增加, 气孔密度增大, 叶片生长势强; 移栽45 d时气孔大小、密度以及气孔指数均减小, 气孔首次出现午休现象, 即在中午14:00气孔关闭, 然后在17:00后又开放, 气孔开放与光合速率日变化的趋势一致。由此推测, 魔帝兜兰试管苗可不经炼苗过程直接进行移栽, 约45 d后能适应温室环境。

关键词：魔帝兜兰; 气孔; 光合作用

收稿：2017-06-29   修定：2017-11-21

资助：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0503104)、中国科学院战略生物资源服务网络计划植物种质资源创新项目(ZSZC-008)、广东省现代农业产业技术体系花卉创新团队项目(2016LM1142)、广东省科技计划项目(2017A020208036、2017B090901050、2015B020231005和2014B09091051)。

Leaf stomatal variation and photosynthetic characteristics of Paphiopedilum Maudiae plantlets in vitro during transplantation

CHEN Ying^1,2, ZHENG Feng¹, WU Kun-Lin¹, CAO Wu², ZENG Song-Jun^1,3,*

¹Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; ²Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; ³Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China

Corresponding author: ZENG Song-Jun; E-mail: zengsongjun@scib.ac.cn

Abstract:

It is usually necessary to harden in vitro plantlets in the greenhouse before transplanting to improve their survival. In this paper, the level of survival after transplanting in vitro-derived Paphiopedilum Maudiae plantlets, as well as leaf stomatal variation and photosynthetic characteristics, were studied. Plantlets were hardened in culture flasks in a greenhouse for 10 d, then transplanted to a greenhouse for 15, 30 or 45 d. The number, density and opening rate of stomata were observed and measured. Results showed significant differences in all three parameters between in vitro plantlets and plantlets hardened in the culture flask in a greenhouse for 10 d, but the level of post-transplant survival was not significantly different. There was an increase in the number of stomata and stomatal density of plantlets 30 d after transplanting, while the number of stomata, stomatal density and opening rate of leaves decreased and many stomata closed at midday in plantlets 45 d after transplanting. These results suggest that in vitro-derived Paphiopedilum Maudiae plantlets need not be hardened when transplanted to a greenhouse, and that in vitro plantlets could adapt to the greenhouse environment after 45 d of transplanting.

Key words: Paphiopedilum Maudiae; stomata; photosynthesis